哈萨克斯坦爆发大规模抗议（1月10日最后更新：普京表态）

1月10日最后更新：普京在集安组织领导人会议中对哈萨克斯坦示威表态称：1. 事件主因是“内外破坏势力”；2. 该地区不许颜色革命；3. 集安部队将驻留哈萨克，直至托卡耶夫认为不再必要。(托卡耶夫称事件为失败的政变。)

From NYT:

MOSCOW —  President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia said on Monday that recent unrest in Kazakhstan had been caused by “destructive internal and external forces” and that more than 2,000 troops his country had sent as “peacekeepers” would leave only once their mission was complete.

Mr. Putin  said the troops would remain “for a limited time period.” But he did not give any deadline for a withdrawal, saying that they would stay as long as President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev of Kazakhstan “considers it necessary,” raising the possibility they could be in the country indefinitely.

Mr. Putin’s comments, made at a meeting of the Collective Security Treaty Organization,  a body equivalent to NATO that includes six countries from the former Soviet Union, were his first since unrest engulfed Kazakhstan last week, with widespread protests over rising gas prices that began peacefully and then turned violent.

The Russian president said the unrest was indicative of foreign attempts to intervene in a region the Kremlin sees as its sphere of influence, and compared recent events to the protests in Ukraine that led to the ouster of the country’s pro-Russian president in 2014. Those protests also helped precipitate Russia’s annexation of Crimea and invasion of the Donbas region in eastern Ukraine that year.

Mr. Putin said that the Collective Security Treaty Organization, widely seen as Russian-dominated, would not allow any “color revolutions,” a term that has been used for the pro-democracy movements that swept many countries of the former Soviet Union.
......

Mr. Tokayev, the country’s president, told the same alliance meeting that he had weathered “an attempted coup d’état,” one in which “armed militants” had sought to use protests as a pretext.

“The main goal was obvious: the undermining of the constitutional order, the destruction of government institutions and the seizure of power,” he said.

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/world/europe/putin-russia-kazakhstan.html

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1月9日更新：哈萨克当局称164人身亡，其中103人死于阿拉木图：

From AP:

MOSCOW (AP) — Kazakhstan’s health ministry said Sunday that 164 people have been killed in protests that have rocked the country over the past week.

The figures reported on the state news channel Khabar-24 are a significant rise from previous tallies. It is not clear if the deaths refer only to civilians or if law-enforcement deaths are included. Kazakh authorities said earlier Sunday that 16 police or national guard had been killed. Authorities previously gave the civilian death toll as 26.

Most of the deaths — 103 — were in Almaty, the country’s largest city, where demonstrators seized government buildings and set some afire, according to the ministry. the country’s ombudswoman for children’s rights said that three of those killed were minors, including a 4-year-old girl.

The ministry earlier reported more than 2,200 people sought treatment for injuries from the protests, and the Interior Ministry said about 1,300 security officers were injured.

The office of Kazakhstan’s president said that about 5,800 people were detained by police during the protests that developed into violence last week and prompted a Russia-led military alliance to send troops to the country.

President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev’s office said Sunday that order has stabilized in the country and that authorities have regained control of administrative buildings that were occupied by protesters, some of which were set on fire.

https://apnews.com/article/europe-russia-kazakhstan-almaty-e8041ebee995d41050e6919ea0cdca64

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1月8日更新：哈萨克国安委员会主席/前总理/纳扎尔巴耶夫盟友马西莫夫被捕并被控叛国：

From Eurasia Net:

In a turn of events that has complicated the narrative around the unfolding drama in Kazakhstan, the authorities on January 8 announced that the recently dismissed head of the security services has been arrested on charges of treason.

Karim Masimov’s arrest comes only three days after he was dismissed without explanation from his post by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev.

This turn of events, which implicates a stalwart ally of former President Nursultan Nazarbayev in a suspected political conspiracy, hints at the likelihood of a vicious behind-the-scenes clash among elite insiders. At first glance, it appears the Nazarbayev clan is emerging as the loser.

Masimov’s arrest was announced by the very same National Security Committee, or KNB, that he led until his dismissal on January 5.

https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-ex-security-services-chief-and-nazarbayev-ally-arrested

关于他被捕的政治意涵，文中有进一步分析。

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1月8日更新：数日暴力冲突之后，哈萨克局势暂时趋于平静，普京与托卡耶夫通话讨论善后事宜：

From France 24:

Russian President Vladimir Putin and his Kazakhstani counterpart Kassym-Jomart Tokayev held a "lengthy" phone conversation to discuss the situation in Kazakhstan following unprecedented unrest, the Kremlin said Saturday.

It said that Tokayev informed Putin "in detail" about the situation in the country, "noting that it is developing towards stabilisation," the Kremlin said in a statement.
......

After days of violence, a relative calm returned to Kazakhstan on Saturday. Former Kazakhstani president Nursultan Nazarbayev called on the population to support the government to face this crisis.

In the country's biggest city Almaty, an uneasy calm pervaded Saturday and few people were out on the streets.

https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20220108-kazakhstan-detains-former-national-security-chief-accused-of-treason

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1月7日更新：哈萨克总统托卡耶夫最新表态要点：1. 称“反恐行动”尚未结束；2. 宣布不与“恐怖分子”谈判，对其格杀勿论；3. 暗示境外势力挑动叛乱；4. 称集安部队将在国内短期驻留。

Qasym-Jomart Toqayev @TokayevKZ

Currently, the counter-terrorist operation continues in our country. Large-scale and well-coordinated work is being carried out by the police. The National Guard and the armed forces to restore law and order in accordance with the Constitution.

https://twitter.com/TokayevKZ/status/1479524544645939200

Peacekeeping troops comprising of multinational forces of CSTO member states were deployed and will remain for the short period of time until the stabilization of the situation in Kazakhstan.

https://twitter.com/TokayevKZ/status/1479526740745728003

Gangsters and terrorists very well trained, organized and commanded by the special centre. Some of them were speaking non-Kazakh languages. There were at least six waves of attacks of terrorists at Almaty, total amount of them 20 thousand.

https://twitter.com/TokayevKZ/status/1479528307993497610

They were beating and killing policemen and young soldiers, putting fire at administrative buildings, looting private premises and shops, killing secular citizens, raping young women. In my basic view: no talks with the terrorists, we must kill them.

https://twitter.com/TokayevKZ/status/1479529093335076868

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1月7日更新：哈萨克总统称秩序大体恢复，但“反恐行动”仍将继续：

From AP:

MOSCOW (AP) — The president of Kazakhstan on Friday declared that constitutional order was “mainly restored” after the country was engulfed in unprecedented unrest in recent days.

“An anti-terror operation has commenced. Law enforcement agencies are working hard. Constitutional order has been mainly restored in all regions of the country. Local authorities are in control of the situation,” Kassym-Jomart Tokayev was quoted by his spokespeople as saying Friday.

The president added, however, that “terrorists are still using weapons and are damaging people’s property” and that “counterterrorist actions” should be continued.

https://apnews.com/article/kazakhstan-law-enforcement-agencies-6dc8df9639367c3845aa00a008072997

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1月6日更新：阿拉木图冲突继续，集安组织称约2500人部队进驻哈萨克斯坦：

From Reuters:

ALMATY, Jan 6 (Reuters) - Fresh violence erupted in Kazakhstan's main city on Thursday after Russia rushed in paratroopers to put down a countrywide uprising in one of Moscow's closest former Soviet allies.

Police in the main city Almaty said they had killed dozens of rioters overnight into the early hours of Thursday morning. The authorities said at least 18 members of the security forces had died, including two found decapitated. More than 2,000 people had been arrested.

After a night of running confrontations between protesters and troops on the streets, a presidential residence in the city and its mayor's office were both ablaze, and burnt out cars littered the city, Reuters journalists said.

Military personnel regained control of the main airport, seized earlier by protesters. Thursday evening saw renewed battles in Almaty's main square, occupied alternately by troops and hundreds of protesters throughout much of the day.
...

The general secretary of the ex-Soviet alliance - the Collective Security Treaty Organisation - told RIA news agency that the overall peacekeeping force would number about 2,500 and could be strengthened if necessary.

It was expected to be a short mission of "a few days or weeks", RIA quoted him as saying.

https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/troops-protesters-clash-almaty-main-square-kazakhstan-shots-heard-2022-01-06/

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1月6日更新：阿拉木图枪声阵阵：

Abdujalil A @abdujalil [from BBC News]

It sounds like a real battle going on the square. From what i can tell - the sound of gunfire, machine guns in addition to stun grenades and what sounds like fireworks #Almaty #Kazakhstan

https://twitter.com/abdujalil/status/1479092299263094790

This is what it is like in #Almaty tonight #Kazakhstan

https://twitter.com/abdujalil/status/1479181466571579394

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1月6日更新：俄军抵达哈萨克斯坦：

MOSCOW — Russian troops landed in Kazakhstan on Thursday after the Central Asian country’s president asked for help to quell sweeping anti-government protests — a major test of a Moscow-led military alliance as the Kremlin deepened its role in the crisis.

“Dozens” of demonstrators were killed, a Kazakh official said, as security forces tried to put down protests that began with outrage over a fuel price hike but have grown into a challenge to a political system largely unchanged since the end of the Soviet Union three decades ago.

It is the first time the Collective Security Treaty Organization, founded after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and composed of six former members, has agreed to deploy “peacekeepers” to aid a member country. Although the bloc has long been seen as Russia’s answer to NATO, its first joint action is ending a domestic protest rather than combating an attack from an external force.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/01/06/kazakhstan-protests-russia-csto-tokayev/

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1月6日更新：俄国为首的集体安全组织派部队奔赴哈萨克斯坦：

RT @RT_com

BREAKING: The CSTO has sent peacekeepers to #Kazakhstan - officials

https://twitter.com/RT_com/status/1478987445848973315

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1月6日更新：哈萨克警察杀死数十示威者：

AFP News Agency @AFP

#UPDATE Kazakhstan police killed "dozens" of protesters overnight as they tried to storm government buildings in Almaty, police tell the media.

"Extremist forces tried to assault administrative buildings, the Almaty city police department... Dozens of assailants were eliminated"

https://twitter.com/AFP/status/1478976702856704003

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1月5日更新：莫斯科宣布出兵干预：

AFP News Agency @AFP

#BREAKING Moscow-led alliance to send "peacekeeping forces" to protest-hit Kazakhstan, its chairman says

https://twitter.com/AFP/status/1478844511740731396

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1月5日更新：哈萨克总统向莫斯科请求军援：

AFP News Agency @AFP

#BREAKING Kazakhstan appeals to Moscow-backed military alliance for help quelling unrest

https://twitter.com/AFP/status/1478804621346885632

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哈萨克斯坦爆发抗议，部分城市和州进入紧急状态

2022年1月5日 10:20

美国之音

哈萨克斯坦总统托卡耶夫（Kassym-Jomart Tokayev）的办公室周三（1月5日）早晨表示，总统已经宣布该国最大城市阿拉木图和西部的曼格斯套州进入为期两周的紧急状态。在这些地方，抗议活动演变成了暴力事件。

根据总统网站上发布的文件，这一举措包括在晚上11点到早上7点实行宵禁、限制行动和禁止大规模集会。

“号召攻击政府和军队办公机构绝对是非法的，” 托卡耶夫几小时前在一段视频讲话中说。“政府不会垮台，但我们希望相互信任和对话，而不是冲突。”

就在他讲话的同时，路透社的一名记者在现场报道说，阿拉木图警方使用催泪瓦斯和眩晕弹来阻止数百名抗议者冲击市长办公室。

石油资源丰富的阿拉木图政府周二晚间宣布，将恢复对液化石油气的部分价格设置的上限。此前，由于今年年初燃油价格大幅上涨，罕见的抗议活动蔓延到了阿拉木图。

许多哈萨克人将他们的汽车改装成使用液化石油气的汽车。由于有价格上限，液化石油气作为汽车燃料比汽油便宜得多。但政府认为，这种低价是不可持续的，并在1月1日取消了上限。

价格飙升

在燃油价格价飙升后，1月2日，数千人在石油中心城市扎瑙津举行了集会。10年前，抗议者和警察曾在该市发生过造成人员死亡的冲突。

示威活动蔓延到曼格斯套州和哈萨克斯坦西部的其他地区，包括该州的中心城市阿克套，以及哈萨克斯坦最大石油生产商田吉兹雪佛龙(Tengizchevron)的分包商使用的一个工人营地。这家由雪佛龙(chevron)牵头的合资企业表示，产量未受到影响。

在阿拉木图，警方似乎在投放闪光弹后不久就控制了主要的广场。但在附近的街道和城市的其他地方，可以持续听到数小时的爆炸声。

网上发布的视频显示，该市的警车被点燃，装甲车辆在一条主干道上行驶。

周二晚上，政府宣布恢复曼格斯套州液化石油气每升50坚戈(11美分)的价格上限，这一价格还不到市场价的一半。

在这个拥有1900万人口的国家，除非组织者事先提交通知，否则公众抗议是非法的。

托卡耶夫在议会中没有任何政治反对派。他是2019年卸任的苏联时代的共产党首领纳扎尔巴耶夫（Nursultan Nazarbayev）亲自挑选的接班人。

托卡耶夫总统周二在推特上表示，他将在第二天召开政府会议，讨论抗议者的要求。他敦促抗议者采取负责任的行动。

（本文依据了路透社的报道。）

https://www.voachinese.com/a/Kazakhstan-protest-state-emergency-20220104/6383295.html