关注阿富汗人权问题：那些受伤和受凌辱的男孩

今天我要谈论一个沉重的话题，它是伊斯兰世界一直遮掩起来的丑闻，而西方的游记作家、记者则不断试着曝光，它就是“童戏现象”。在早些的年代，突厥斯坦也存在一样的问题，而当今则主要是阿富汗的重要人权问题，从前政府到塔利班，至今还在延续。那么，我们从意大利语言学家和社会学家Simone Borile在2019年发表的论文Bacha Bazi: cultural norms and violence against poor children in Afghanistan来看看它的概况：

Many Afghan boys (around eight years old) are the victims of cultural violence, as tradition establishes them as instruments and objects of pleasure. They are bought and sold within a social and values fabric in which (poor) boys become mere commodities for the use and pleasure of wealthy families. They represent a symbol of prosperity for the family buying them, to be put on display during important private parties. This form of trade and purchase has been handed down over generations and is broadly legitimised and socially and culturally approved of. This violent tradition aims to increase the social status of wealthy citizens who buy a boy and train him to entertain at public and private parties. This constant persists, although not normalised by any law, since it pertains to the approved values scheme and is legitimated by the community. It does not matter that the boys are taken from their families, that they are abused or that they are forced to destructure their own identity. They become objects for sexual pleasure of wealthy families, devoting themselves to a role and a mark that will accompany them throughout their entire lives. The community calls them Bacha Bazi. This pernicious and violent action that destroys the child’s original identity is culturally accepted, received and condoned by the community (Najibullah, 2010). The acceptance and dissemination of this practice is constantly promoted through a bilateral relationship between poor and powerful families. Culturally, the transfer of the boy to the ‘buyer’ family is justified for the purpose of entertainment (Qobil, 2010). The boys are dressed up and taught local dances with sinuous and delicate movements. This educational and formative process turns them into dancers and entertainers, charged with using their dances to enliven celebrations organised both within the new family and at public occasions. This new social role consecrates them and obliges them to fulfil a role for which their family of origin sold them, voluntarily and with conviction.
很多年纪在8岁左右的阿富汗男孩都成为了文化暴力的受害者，而当地传统正是把他们作为了取乐的工具和对象。他们在某套社会——价值机制中经受着买卖，在此之中穷孩子沦为着富有家庭驱使和玩乐的货品。而且他们被放到重要的私人聚会上公开展览，作为购买者家庭繁荣的象征而存在着。这种形式的买卖一直在一代又一代地传承着，广为默许，还受到经济社会层面的支持。一些富有的社会成员会买个男孩并训练他在内外各种场合的聚会进行表演，而这种野蛮的传统有一个目的，那就是提升这帮人的社会地位。尽管没有得到任何法律的正常化，这一传统还是保持了下来，因为它已经是得到许可的一种价值观了，而且整个社会也将其正当化，哪怕那些男孩从自己家里被带出去，遭受欺凌，被迫解构自己的身份认同。他们成为了富有家庭获得性快感的工具，被迫为这样一种角色、这样一种伴随终身的标记付出自我的一切。社会上他们叫“玩童”，也就是Bacha Bazi，而这种遗患无穷、粗暴的行径摧毁了孩子们原本的身份认同，却得到了社会文化的接受、默认和谅解（见Najibullah于2010年的工作）。由于贫穷和权势家庭之间双向关系的存在，对于这种做法的接受和传播一直都在得到强化。文化上来说，将男孩交到买方家庭手上的行为是用表演的名义来正当化的（见Oobil于2010年的工作）。他们被打扮起来，学些带有盘曲精致舞步的本土舞蹈。这种教导及塑型的过程，渐渐把他们变成了舞者和表演者，忙于在新家庭、在公共场合组织的庆祝活动上用自己的舞蹈来活跃气氛。这一新的社会身份透支了他们，强迫他们为原生家庭把他们卖去的差活尽职，原本的家人却是自发坚持要卖了他们。

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（它没结束，我会更新，在明天）