资本主义 vs 社会主义 -- 西欧没有社会主义国家
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今天看YouTube视频放，广告推荐的，感觉还不错，但是大部分是英文的，只有点击率高的有翻译的中文字幕
YouTube地址：https://m.youtube.com/user/PragerUniversity
在资本主义战胜了社会主义几十年之后，政客们再次在争论这些对立的经济体系的优缺点。为什么我们仍在进行这场辩论？ 安迪•普兹德（Hardee's和Carl's Jr.的母公司前首席执行官）解释了辩论继续进行的误解。
=======================================
资本主义 vs 社会主义
Capitalism versus Socialism.
我们可以一句话概括这两种经济体制：
We can sum up each economic system in one line.
资本主义基于人类的贪婪
Capitalism is based on human greed.
社会主义基于人类的需求
Socialism is based on human need.
对吧
Right?
不 错 错得离谱 恰恰说反了
…No. Wrong. So wrong, it’s exactly backwards.
我会证明给你看
And I’ll prove it to you.
最近上过亚马逊吗？
Been on Amazon lately?
亚马逊上提供的成千上万商品体现了许多人的工作
Each of the thousands of products Amazon offers represents the work of people
他们相信自己有你需要的东西
who believe they have something you want or need.
如果他们猜对 他们发达
If they’re right, they prosper.
如果他们猜错 他们就不会
If they’re wrong, they don’t.
这就是自由市场的运作方式
That’s how the free market works.
它鼓励人们通过满足其他人的需求来改善自己的生活
It encourages people to improve their lives by satisfying the needs of others.
没有人做生意是制造产品或提供服务给自己
No one starts a business making a thing or providing a service for themselves.
他们做生意是制造产品或提供服务给其他人
They start a business to make things or provide services for others.
以我个人经验来说
I speak from personal experience.
当我还是哈迪斯和小卡尔连锁餐厅母公司 CEO 的时候
When I was the CEO of the company that owns Carl’s Jr. and Hardee’s restaurant chains,
我们每年花费上百万尝试确定顾客的需求
we spent millions of dollars every year trying to determine what customers wanted.
如果我们的顾客不喜欢某样东西 我们更换掉它——且要迅速
If our customers didn’t like something we changed it and fast
因为如果不这么做 我们的竞争对手就会（此处双关）抢了我们的午餐
because if we didn't, our competitors would (pun intended) eat us for lunch.
顾客——即是你——享有最高权力
The consumer – that’s you -- has the ultimate power.
事实上 你用你花的每一块钱投票
In effect, you vote with every dollar you spend.
在一个社会主义经济体 政府享有最高权力
In a socialist economy, the government has the ultimate power.
它决定你从它所决定的限量供应中分得多少
It decides what you get from a limited supply it decides should exist.
不是数百万人为自己的需要做数百万决定
Instead of millions of people making millions of decisions about what they want,
少数人——政府精英
a few people--government elites--
决定人们应该拥有什么 应该为此付多少钱
decide what people should have and how much they should pay for it.
毫不意外 他们经常会出错
Not surprisingly, they always get it wrong.
你是否注意到
Have you ever noticed that
社会主义失败的后期常常会耗尽必需品 例如厕纸？
late-stage socialist failures always run out of essential items like toilet paper?
当然 这难不倒那些和对的人有对的关系的人
Of course, this isn't a problem for those who have the right connections with the right people.
那些被选上的少数想要什么就有什么
Those chosen few get whatever they want.
但其他人就不走运了
But everyone else is out of luck.
委内瑞拉 曾经南美洲最富裕的国家
Venezuela, once, the richest country in South America,
是社会主义将一个繁荣的国家拖入经济泥潭的新近例子
is the most recent example of socialism driving a prosperous country into an economic ditch.
你可能想这不是个公允的例子
Maybe you think it’s an unfair example.
我不清楚为什么 但好吧
I’m not sure why, but okay.
我们就无视事实上
We’ll ignore the fact
左派活动家们赞扬它是伟大的社会主义成功
that leftist activists celebrated it as a great socialist success
直到证明它并不是
right up until it wasn’t.
但西欧国家又怎样呢？
But what about Western European countries?
他们不是社会主义经济吗？
Don't they have socialist economies?
那里的人们似乎十分快乐
People seem pretty happy there.
为什么我们没有他们所拥有的
Why can’t we have what they have
免费医保 免费大学 强大的工会？
free health care, free college, stronger unions?
好问题
Good question.
答案或许会让你意外
And the answer may surprise you.
西欧没有社会主义国家
There are no socialist countries in Western Europe.
大多数和美国一样资本主义
Most are just as capitalist as the United States.
唯一的区别——还是很大的一个
The only difference -- and it’s a big one
是他们比美国提供更多政府福利
is that they offer more government benefits than the U.S. does.
我们可以讨论这些福利的代价
We can argue about the costs of these benefits
还有它们减少了个人积极性的问题
and the point at which they reduce individual initiative,
因此弊大于利
thus doing more harm than good.
斯堪的那维亚人多年以来一直在讨论这些问题
Scandinavians have been debating those questions for years.
但只有自由市场资本主义经济体
But only a free market, capitalist economy
能产生足够的财富以维持欧洲人享受的所谓「免费东西」
can produce the wealth necessary to sustain all of the supposedly “free stuff” Europeans enjoy.
毕竟 要得到「免费东西」
To get the “free stuff,” after all,
你必须创造足够财富带来足够税入
you have to create enough wealth to generate enough tax revenue
来为政府派发的东西买单
to pay for everything the government gives away.
没有资本主义 你就会变成委内瑞拉
Without capitalism, you’re Venezuela.
2015 年在哈佛大学的演讲中
In a 2015 speech at Harvard,
丹麦首相不厌其烦地指出：
Denmark's prime minister took great pains to make this point:
「我知道美国有一些人
“I know that some people in the U.S.
将北欧模式和社会主义联系起来
associate the Nordic model with... socialism,
因此我想澄清一件事
therefore I would like to make one thing clear.
丹麦远非社会主义计划经济
Denmark is far from a socialist planned economy.
丹麦是市场经济」
Denmark is a market economy.”
因此当你把丹麦作为社会主义的典范
So, when you point to Denmark as a paragon of socialism,
你其实是在为资本主义唱赞歌
you're really singing the praises of capitalism.
更多资本主义 你就更少需要「社会主义」
The more capitalism, the less “socialism” you need.
看看 2017 年以来的美国
Look at America since 2017.
降税费和少政府管制的政策（即更多资本主义）
A policy of lower taxes and less government regulation (that's more capitalism)
导致了强健的经济增长
has led to a robust economic expansion,
这在几年前还被是认为不可能的
something thought impossible just a few years earlier.
失业率 特别是在通常更容易面临贫困的少数族群中
Unemployment, notably among minority groups typically most at risk for poverty,
为世代最低
is at a generational low.
经济增长让人们摆脱福利 投入到工作
Economic expansion gets people off welfare and into work
即更少「社会主义」
(that's less "socialism").
明白这些无须经济学位
None of this requires a degree in economics.
只要用到你的常识
Common sense is all you need.
这就是为什么当看到
That's why it's so frustrating to see
年轻人在赞美社会主义批评资本主义的时候是如此令人泄气
young people praising socialism and criticizing capitalism.
他们在妨碍自己的利益就够糟了
It’s bad enough that they’re working against their own interest
更好的工作前景 更好的工资 个人自由
better job prospects, better wages, personal freedom
他们还阻碍了那些时运不济者的利益
but they are also working against the interest of the less fortunate.
资本主义导致经济民主
Capitalism leads to economic democracy.
社会主义导致精英的经济独裁
Socialism leads to the economic dictatorship of the elite.
一直都是 哪里都是
Always. And everywhere.
因此要当心你所索求的
So beware what you ask for.
你可能会如愿
You just might get it.
我是安迪·普兹德 Capitalist Comeback 的作者 为 PragerU 制作
I’m Andy Puzder, author of The Capitalist Comeback, for Prager University.
今天看YouTube视频放，广告推荐的，感觉还不错，但是大部分是英文的，只有点击率高的有翻译的中文字幕
YouTube地址：https://m.youtube.com/user/PragerUniversity
在资本主义战胜了社会主义几十年之后，政客们再次在争论这些对立的经济体系的优缺点。为什么我们仍在进行这场辩论？ 安迪•普兹德（Hardee's和Carl's Jr.的母公司前首席执行官）解释了辩论继续进行的误解。
=======================================
资本主义 vs 社会主义
Capitalism versus Socialism.
我们可以一句话概括这两种经济体制：
We can sum up each economic system in one line.
资本主义基于人类的贪婪
Capitalism is based on human greed.
社会主义基于人类的需求
Socialism is based on human need.
对吧
Right?
不 错 错得离谱 恰恰说反了
…No. Wrong. So wrong, it’s exactly backwards.
我会证明给你看
And I’ll prove it to you.
最近上过亚马逊吗？
Been on Amazon lately?
亚马逊上提供的成千上万商品体现了许多人的工作
Each of the thousands of products Amazon offers represents the work of people
他们相信自己有你需要的东西
who believe they have something you want or need.
如果他们猜对 他们发达
If they’re right, they prosper.
如果他们猜错 他们就不会
If they’re wrong, they don’t.
这就是自由市场的运作方式
That’s how the free market works.
它鼓励人们通过满足其他人的需求来改善自己的生活
It encourages people to improve their lives by satisfying the needs of others.
没有人做生意是制造产品或提供服务给自己
No one starts a business making a thing or providing a service for themselves.
他们做生意是制造产品或提供服务给其他人
They start a business to make things or provide services for others.
以我个人经验来说
I speak from personal experience.
当我还是哈迪斯和小卡尔连锁餐厅母公司 CEO 的时候
When I was the CEO of the company that owns Carl’s Jr. and Hardee’s restaurant chains,
我们每年花费上百万尝试确定顾客的需求
we spent millions of dollars every year trying to determine what customers wanted.
如果我们的顾客不喜欢某样东西 我们更换掉它——且要迅速
If our customers didn’t like something we changed it and fast
因为如果不这么做 我们的竞争对手就会（此处双关）抢了我们的午餐
because if we didn't, our competitors would (pun intended) eat us for lunch.
顾客——即是你——享有最高权力
The consumer – that’s you -- has the ultimate power.
事实上 你用你花的每一块钱投票
In effect, you vote with every dollar you spend.
在一个社会主义经济体 政府享有最高权力
In a socialist economy, the government has the ultimate power.
它决定你从它所决定的限量供应中分得多少
It decides what you get from a limited supply it decides should exist.
不是数百万人为自己的需要做数百万决定
Instead of millions of people making millions of decisions about what they want,
少数人——政府精英
a few people--government elites--
决定人们应该拥有什么 应该为此付多少钱
decide what people should have and how much they should pay for it.
毫不意外 他们经常会出错
Not surprisingly, they always get it wrong.
你是否注意到
Have you ever noticed that
社会主义失败的后期常常会耗尽必需品 例如厕纸？
late-stage socialist failures always run out of essential items like toilet paper?
当然 这难不倒那些和对的人有对的关系的人
Of course, this isn't a problem for those who have the right connections with the right people.
那些被选上的少数想要什么就有什么
Those chosen few get whatever they want.
但其他人就不走运了
But everyone else is out of luck.
委内瑞拉 曾经南美洲最富裕的国家
Venezuela, once, the richest country in South America,
是社会主义将一个繁荣的国家拖入经济泥潭的新近例子
is the most recent example of socialism driving a prosperous country into an economic ditch.
你可能想这不是个公允的例子
Maybe you think it’s an unfair example.
我不清楚为什么 但好吧
I’m not sure why, but okay.
我们就无视事实上
We’ll ignore the fact
左派活动家们赞扬它是伟大的社会主义成功
that leftist activists celebrated it as a great socialist success
直到证明它并不是
right up until it wasn’t.
但西欧国家又怎样呢？
But what about Western European countries?
他们不是社会主义经济吗？
Don't they have socialist economies?
那里的人们似乎十分快乐
People seem pretty happy there.
为什么我们没有他们所拥有的
Why can’t we have what they have
免费医保 免费大学 强大的工会？
free health care, free college, stronger unions?
好问题
Good question.
答案或许会让你意外
And the answer may surprise you.
西欧没有社会主义国家
There are no socialist countries in Western Europe.
大多数和美国一样资本主义
Most are just as capitalist as the United States.
唯一的区别——还是很大的一个
The only difference -- and it’s a big one
是他们比美国提供更多政府福利
is that they offer more government benefits than the U.S. does.
我们可以讨论这些福利的代价
We can argue about the costs of these benefits
还有它们减少了个人积极性的问题
and the point at which they reduce individual initiative,
因此弊大于利
thus doing more harm than good.
斯堪的那维亚人多年以来一直在讨论这些问题
Scandinavians have been debating those questions for years.
但只有自由市场资本主义经济体
But only a free market, capitalist economy
能产生足够的财富以维持欧洲人享受的所谓「免费东西」
can produce the wealth necessary to sustain all of the supposedly “free stuff” Europeans enjoy.
毕竟 要得到「免费东西」
To get the “free stuff,” after all,
你必须创造足够财富带来足够税入
you have to create enough wealth to generate enough tax revenue
来为政府派发的东西买单
to pay for everything the government gives away.
没有资本主义 你就会变成委内瑞拉
Without capitalism, you’re Venezuela.
2015 年在哈佛大学的演讲中
In a 2015 speech at Harvard,
丹麦首相不厌其烦地指出：
Denmark's prime minister took great pains to make this point:
「我知道美国有一些人
“I know that some people in the U.S.
将北欧模式和社会主义联系起来
associate the Nordic model with... socialism,
因此我想澄清一件事
therefore I would like to make one thing clear.
丹麦远非社会主义计划经济
Denmark is far from a socialist planned economy.
丹麦是市场经济」
Denmark is a market economy.”
因此当你把丹麦作为社会主义的典范
So, when you point to Denmark as a paragon of socialism,
你其实是在为资本主义唱赞歌
you're really singing the praises of capitalism.
更多资本主义 你就更少需要「社会主义」
The more capitalism, the less “socialism” you need.
看看 2017 年以来的美国
Look at America since 2017.
降税费和少政府管制的政策（即更多资本主义）
A policy of lower taxes and less government regulation (that's more capitalism)
导致了强健的经济增长
has led to a robust economic expansion,
这在几年前还被是认为不可能的
something thought impossible just a few years earlier.
失业率 特别是在通常更容易面临贫困的少数族群中
Unemployment, notably among minority groups typically most at risk for poverty,
为世代最低
is at a generational low.
经济增长让人们摆脱福利 投入到工作
Economic expansion gets people off welfare and into work
即更少「社会主义」
(that's less "socialism").
明白这些无须经济学位
None of this requires a degree in economics.
只要用到你的常识
Common sense is all you need.
这就是为什么当看到
That's why it's so frustrating to see
年轻人在赞美社会主义批评资本主义的时候是如此令人泄气
young people praising socialism and criticizing capitalism.
他们在妨碍自己的利益就够糟了
It’s bad enough that they’re working against their own interest
更好的工作前景 更好的工资 个人自由
better job prospects, better wages, personal freedom
他们还阻碍了那些时运不济者的利益
but they are also working against the interest of the less fortunate.
资本主义导致经济民主
Capitalism leads to economic democracy.
社会主义导致精英的经济独裁
Socialism leads to the economic dictatorship of the elite.
一直都是 哪里都是
Always. And everywhere.
因此要当心你所索求的
So beware what you ask for.
你可能会如愿
You just might get it.
我是安迪·普兹德 Capitalist Comeback 的作者 为 PragerU 制作
I’m Andy Puzder, author of The Capitalist Comeback, for Prager University.
