Lost in translation: 词语的误译,与警官的谋杀

昨天,警官Derek Chauvin被判罪名成立。在微信、中文推特上很多人不理解为什么警官的执法行为是“谋杀”。其实,这是一个词语的误译。

Derek Chauvin的罪名有三个:
second-degree unintentional murder
third-degree murder 
second-degree manslaughter

按照顺序,这三个罪名的最高狱期分别是40年,25年,10年。

最高的罪名其实是“unintentional murder”,翻译成“误杀”会更好一些。这个罪名的另一个称法是“轻率杀人”,比如有些大人把孩子抛起来,以为自己能接住,一不小心,没接住,孩子死了:这就是标准的“轻率杀人”了。

要是翻词典,第三个罪名“manslaughter”的中文翻译是“屠杀”,那更不得了!中文语境里,起码杀了一村的老老少少,才能叫做屠杀。  这句话我把它看成 slaughter了,其实词典里是“误杀”  但是在美国(我不知道英国怎么样),这个罪名 “second-degree manslaughter”在其它一些州称为“involuntary manslaughter”,跟上面的“unintentional murder”很类似,犯者主观上并不想杀死对方,而是比较轻率。区别在于:如果一般人都认为这个情况很危险,你还去做(比如在闹市里以150麦飙车),属于第一个罪名“unintentional murder”, 如果情况是否危险不是那么容易被一般人判断,比如因为疏忽缺少照料,让老人得不到帮忙而死去,这算第三个罪名“involuntary manslaughter”。再弱一些的,没人能预料到的悲剧,就算是accident 天灾了,不予起诉。


这个案子的焦点就是:辩护方试图把 George Floyd的死亡归结于“没人能预料到的悲剧”,也许是体内的毒品,也许是心脏病,也许是路边的废气;而控方用各个证据指出警官的做法是轻率的,超过警察手册的非必要武力,当时路人都已经指出Floyd的濒临死亡了(“一般人都认为这个情况很危险”),他还继续跪在Floyd的脖子上。


警官的无意谋杀罪名(误杀罪名),是无可置疑的。很高兴陪审团和法官做出了合乎公众共识的审批。
2
分享 2021-04-23

27 个评论

benrock 回复 ZetaFC 观察
>> 看词典有屁用,看criminal code:https://www.law.cornell.e...

你的第一个点进去看“MURDER"的词条,其实大多是说 "First degree murder".
第二个点进去,说的是 " second degree murder" , 也不是我们讨论的罪名。
直接看这个链接吧, minnesota政府的关于 "second degree unintentional murder" 的罪:
https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/609.19
Subd. 2.Unintentional murders. Whoever does either of the following is guilty of unintentional murder in the second degree and may be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than 40 years:
(1) causes the death of a human being, without intent to effect the death of any person, while committing or attempting to commit a felony offense other than criminal sexual conduct in the first or second degree with force or violence or a drive-by shooting; or

(2) causes the death of a human being without intent to effect the death of any person, while intentionally inflicting or attempting to inflict bodily harm upon the victim, when the perpetrator is restrained under an order for protection and the victim is a person designated to receive protection under the order. As used in this clause, "order for protection" includes an order for protection issued under chapter 518B; a harassment restraining order issued under section 609.748; a court order setting conditions of pretrial release or conditions of a criminal sentence or juvenile court disposition; a restraining order issued in a marriage dissolution action; and any order issued by a court of another state or of the United States that is similar to any of these orders.

反复说没有意图。

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