【系列歷史照片】1991,蘇聯的最後一年 —— 蓋蒂圖像檔案庫的珍貴史料
按:窩小人家在研究蘇聯解體相關的史料時,偶然發現了蓋蒂圖像(Getty Images)檔案庫有一批獨特而珍貴的照片史料,在此分享給大家。我是通過「蘇聯」(Soviet Union)和「1991年」(1991)這兩個標籤找到這些照片的。為了方便還沒學外語的品蔥志士,每張照片的註解我簡單機翻了一下。
【八一九事變系列】

Demonstrators gather on the steps of the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,示威者聚集在俄羅斯白宮的台階上。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

Tanks and city buses form a roadblock outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
在 1991 年的政變期間,坦克和城市巴士在俄羅斯白宮外形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

A demonstrator stands on a barricade outside the Kremlin during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The Ukraina Hotel is visible in the distance. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,一名示威者站在克里姆林宮外的路障上。 遠處可以看到烏克蘭飯店。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Civilians and military personnel hold a demonstration outside the Kremlin where tanks have formed a roadblock during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——平民和軍事人員在克里姆林宮外舉行示威,在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克在那裡形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Civilians and military personnel hold a demonstration outside the Kremlin where tanks have formed a roadblock during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——平民和軍事人員在克里姆林宮外舉行示威,在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克在那裡形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- A man holds up an icon of Christ during a demonstration outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,一名男子在俄羅斯白宮外的示威活動中舉起基督的聖像。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- Demonstrators display a giant Russian flag in Red Square after the failed 1991 coup. On August 18 of 1991, Soviet hardliners attempted to overthrow leaders Mikhail Gorbachev and President Boris Yeltsin, yet the coup failed just days later with the help of massive public anti-coup demonstrations. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年政變失敗後,示威者在紅場展示一面巨大的俄羅斯國旗。 1991 年 8 月 18 日,蘇聯強硬派試圖推翻領導人米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫和鮑里斯·葉利欽總統,但幾天后,在大規模的公眾反政變示威活動的幫助下,政變失敗了。 (由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- Demonstrators display a giant Russian flag in Red Square after the failed 1991 coup. On August 18 of 1991, Soviet hardliners attempted to overthrow leaders Mikhail Gorbachev and President Boris Yeltsin, yet the coup failed just days later with the help of massive public anti-coup demonstrations. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年政變失敗後,示威者在紅場展示一面巨大的俄羅斯國旗。 1991 年 8 月 18 日,蘇聯強硬派試圖推翻領導人米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫和鮑里斯·葉利欽總統,但幾天后,在大規模的公眾反政變示威活動的幫助下,政變失敗了。 (由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

September 02, 1991 -- A soldier stands guard next to demonstrators holding up signs during a protest in Moscow following the Soviet Coup attempt and before the Collapse of the Soviet Union. (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991 年 9 月 2 日——在蘇聯未遂政變後和蘇聯解體前,莫斯科舉行的抗議活動中,一名士兵站在舉著標語的示威者旁邊。 (Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

Russian men link arms to block the entrance of a building in Moscow during the Soviet coup attempt. (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
蘇聯未遂政變期間,俄羅斯男子手挽手封鎖莫斯科一座建築物的入口。 (大衛·特恩利/Corbis/VCG 通過蓋蒂圖片拍攝)

August 20, 1991 -- Soviet military leader Alexander Lebed arrives with his troops to occupy Moscow during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——在 1991 年的政變企圖中,蘇聯軍事領導人亞歷山大·列貝德率領軍隊抵達莫斯科。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Tanks and city buses form a roadblock outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克和城市公共汽車在俄羅斯白宮外形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

Russians Resisting a Soviet Coup Attempt (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
俄羅斯人抵抗蘇維埃軍官的政變企圖(David Turnley/Corbis/VCG 來自 Getty Images)

A man places flowers under the photograph of a victim of the failed Coup of August 1991, an attempt to overthrow Mikhail Gorbachev. (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
一名男子在 1991 年 8 月政變失敗的受害者照片下放置鮮花,企圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫。 (Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

August 19, 1991 -- A picture taken on August 19, 1991 shows Soviet Army tanks parked near Spassky gate (L), an entrance to the Kremlin and Basil's Cathedral (C) in Moscow's Red Square after a coup toppled Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. Russia marks on August 19-22, 2011, the 20th anniversary of the abortive 1991 coup against then Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev. Tanks rolled through Moscow towards the Russian White House, where Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Soviet-era Russian republic at the time, gathered his supporters after denouncing the coup from the roof of a tank, which resulted later in the collapse of the Soviet empire. AFP PHOTO / DIMA TANIN (Photo credit should read DIMA TANIN/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 19 日 - 1991 年 8 月 19 日拍攝的照片顯示,在政變推翻蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫後,蘇聯軍隊坦克停在斯帕斯基門 (L) 附近,這是莫斯科紅場克里姆林宮和巴西爾大教堂 (C) 的入口。 俄羅斯於 2011 年 8 月 19 日至 22 日紀念 1991 年針對當時的蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的未遂政變 20 週年。 坦克從莫斯科駛向俄羅斯白宮,當時蘇聯時代的俄羅斯共和國領導人鮑里斯·葉利欽(Boris Yeltsin)在坦克車頂譴責政變後聚集了他的支持者,這導致了後來蘇聯帝國的崩潰 . 法新社照片/DIMA TANIN(圖片來源應為 DIMA TANIN/AFP via Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- People holding a Russian flag gather on August 22, 1991 on Red Square in Moscow as they celebrate the failure of a hardline communist-led coup which nearly toppled Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. The coup was headed 19 August by the members of the self-styled "committee for the state of emergency" or the "gang of eight", including Soviet Vice President Gennady Yanayev and KGB chief Vladimir Kryuchkov. The same day, thousands in Moscow, Leningrad and other cities answered Russian Republic President Boris Yeltsin's call to raise barricades against tanks and troops. The collapse of the coup was signaled in the afternoon 21 August when the defence ministry ordered all troops to withdraw from Moscow. (Photo by ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV / AFP) (Photo by ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年 8 月 22 日,舉著俄羅斯國旗的人們聚集在莫斯科紅場,慶祝一場幾乎推翻蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的強硬派共產黨領導的政變失敗。 政變由自稱為“緊急狀態委員會”或“八人幫”的成員於 8 月 19 日領導,其中包括蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和克格勃負責人弗拉基米爾·克留奇科夫。 同一天,莫斯科、列寧格勒和其他城市的數千人響應俄羅斯共和國總統葉利欽的號召,對坦克和軍隊設置路障。 8 月 21 日下午,當國防部下令所有部隊從莫斯科撤出時,政變失敗的信號就出現了。 (由 ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/法新社拍攝)(由 ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/法新社通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

Man Cheering Passing Tanks (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
男子向路過的坦克歡呼(David Turnley/Corbis/VCG 來自 Getty Images)

A picture taken on August 23, 1991 shows Russian President Boris Yeltsin (R) gesturing towards Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow while he enjoins him to read a paper during a session of the Russian Parlement. Gorbachev returned to Moscow on August 22, 1991 after the coup had failed. Russia marks on August 19-22, 2011, the 20th anniversary of the abortive 1991 coup against then Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev. Tanks rolled through Moscow towards the Russian White House, where Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Soviet-era Russian republic at the time, gathered his supporters after denouncing the coup from the roof of a tank, which resulted later in the collapse of the Soviet empire. AFP FILES/ PIKO (Photo credit should read PIKO/AFP via Getty Images)
一張攝於 1991 年 8 月 23 日的照片顯示,俄羅斯總統鮑里斯·葉利欽(右)在莫斯科向蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫示意,同時他在俄羅斯議會會議期間命令他閱讀一篇論文。 政變失敗後,戈爾巴喬夫於 1991 年 8 月 22 日返回莫斯科。 俄羅斯於 2011 年 8 月 19 日至 22 日紀念 1991 年針對當時的蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的未遂政變 20 週年。 坦克從莫斯科駛向俄羅斯白宮,當時蘇聯時代的俄羅斯共和國領導人鮑里斯·葉利欽(Boris Yeltsin)在坦克車頂譴責政變後聚集了他的支持者,這導致了後來蘇聯帝國的崩潰 . AFP FILES/PIKO(圖片來源應為 PIKO/AFP via Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- A young woman wrapped in plastic against the rain stands in Red Square, next to a Soviet tank decorated with flowers. Citizens helped barricade the buildings of the Russian Federation against attack by the Communists, and a few days later most of the Army defected to the Federation side, led by Boris Yeltsin. (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991年8月——一位用塑料包裹的年輕女子頂著雨站在紅場,旁邊是一輛裝飾著鮮花的蘇聯坦克。 公民幫助俄羅斯聯邦的建築物設置路障以抵禦共產黨人的攻擊,幾天后,大部分軍隊在鮑里斯·葉利欽的領導下叛逃到聯邦一方。 (大衛·特恩利/Corbis/VCG 通過蓋蒂圖片拍攝)

1991-Coup Attempt (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991 年政變企圖(由 Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- Crowd Sitting on a Soviet Tank (Photo by © Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月——坐在蘇聯坦克上的民主人士(攝影:© Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis via Getty Images)

Civilian Standing on Top of a Soviet Tank (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
站在蘇聯坦克頂部的平民(攝影:David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
[由於文章有字數限制,更多的圖片我分成了三個回帖,貼在評論中:]
【八一九事變系列】

Demonstrators gather on the steps of the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,示威者聚集在俄羅斯白宮的台階上。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

Tanks and city buses form a roadblock outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
在 1991 年的政變期間,坦克和城市巴士在俄羅斯白宮外形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

A demonstrator stands on a barricade outside the Kremlin during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The Ukraina Hotel is visible in the distance. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,一名示威者站在克里姆林宮外的路障上。 遠處可以看到烏克蘭飯店。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Civilians and military personnel hold a demonstration outside the Kremlin where tanks have formed a roadblock during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——平民和軍事人員在克里姆林宮外舉行示威,在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克在那裡形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Civilians and military personnel hold a demonstration outside the Kremlin where tanks have formed a roadblock during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——平民和軍事人員在克里姆林宮外舉行示威,在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克在那裡形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- A man holds up an icon of Christ during a demonstration outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,一名男子在俄羅斯白宮外的示威活動中舉起基督的聖像。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- Demonstrators display a giant Russian flag in Red Square after the failed 1991 coup. On August 18 of 1991, Soviet hardliners attempted to overthrow leaders Mikhail Gorbachev and President Boris Yeltsin, yet the coup failed just days later with the help of massive public anti-coup demonstrations. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年政變失敗後,示威者在紅場展示一面巨大的俄羅斯國旗。 1991 年 8 月 18 日,蘇聯強硬派試圖推翻領導人米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫和鮑里斯·葉利欽總統,但幾天后,在大規模的公眾反政變示威活動的幫助下,政變失敗了。 (由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- Demonstrators display a giant Russian flag in Red Square after the failed 1991 coup. On August 18 of 1991, Soviet hardliners attempted to overthrow leaders Mikhail Gorbachev and President Boris Yeltsin, yet the coup failed just days later with the help of massive public anti-coup demonstrations. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年政變失敗後,示威者在紅場展示一面巨大的俄羅斯國旗。 1991 年 8 月 18 日,蘇聯強硬派試圖推翻領導人米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫和鮑里斯·葉利欽總統,但幾天后,在大規模的公眾反政變示威活動的幫助下,政變失敗了。 (由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

September 02, 1991 -- A soldier stands guard next to demonstrators holding up signs during a protest in Moscow following the Soviet Coup attempt and before the Collapse of the Soviet Union. (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991 年 9 月 2 日——在蘇聯未遂政變後和蘇聯解體前,莫斯科舉行的抗議活動中,一名士兵站在舉著標語的示威者旁邊。 (Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

Russian men link arms to block the entrance of a building in Moscow during the Soviet coup attempt. (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
蘇聯未遂政變期間,俄羅斯男子手挽手封鎖莫斯科一座建築物的入口。 (大衛·特恩利/Corbis/VCG 通過蓋蒂圖片拍攝)

August 20, 1991 -- Soviet military leader Alexander Lebed arrives with his troops to occupy Moscow during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——在 1991 年的政變企圖中,蘇聯軍事領導人亞歷山大·列貝德率領軍隊抵達莫斯科。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Tanks and city buses form a roadblock outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克和城市公共汽車在俄羅斯白宮外形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

Russians Resisting a Soviet Coup Attempt (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
俄羅斯人抵抗蘇維埃軍官的政變企圖(David Turnley/Corbis/VCG 來自 Getty Images)

A man places flowers under the photograph of a victim of the failed Coup of August 1991, an attempt to overthrow Mikhail Gorbachev. (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
一名男子在 1991 年 8 月政變失敗的受害者照片下放置鮮花,企圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫。 (Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

August 19, 1991 -- A picture taken on August 19, 1991 shows Soviet Army tanks parked near Spassky gate (L), an entrance to the Kremlin and Basil's Cathedral (C) in Moscow's Red Square after a coup toppled Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. Russia marks on August 19-22, 2011, the 20th anniversary of the abortive 1991 coup against then Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev. Tanks rolled through Moscow towards the Russian White House, where Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Soviet-era Russian republic at the time, gathered his supporters after denouncing the coup from the roof of a tank, which resulted later in the collapse of the Soviet empire. AFP PHOTO / DIMA TANIN (Photo credit should read DIMA TANIN/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 19 日 - 1991 年 8 月 19 日拍攝的照片顯示,在政變推翻蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫後,蘇聯軍隊坦克停在斯帕斯基門 (L) 附近,這是莫斯科紅場克里姆林宮和巴西爾大教堂 (C) 的入口。 俄羅斯於 2011 年 8 月 19 日至 22 日紀念 1991 年針對當時的蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的未遂政變 20 週年。 坦克從莫斯科駛向俄羅斯白宮,當時蘇聯時代的俄羅斯共和國領導人鮑里斯·葉利欽(Boris Yeltsin)在坦克車頂譴責政變後聚集了他的支持者,這導致了後來蘇聯帝國的崩潰 . 法新社照片/DIMA TANIN(圖片來源應為 DIMA TANIN/AFP via Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- People holding a Russian flag gather on August 22, 1991 on Red Square in Moscow as they celebrate the failure of a hardline communist-led coup which nearly toppled Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. The coup was headed 19 August by the members of the self-styled "committee for the state of emergency" or the "gang of eight", including Soviet Vice President Gennady Yanayev and KGB chief Vladimir Kryuchkov. The same day, thousands in Moscow, Leningrad and other cities answered Russian Republic President Boris Yeltsin's call to raise barricades against tanks and troops. The collapse of the coup was signaled in the afternoon 21 August when the defence ministry ordered all troops to withdraw from Moscow. (Photo by ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV / AFP) (Photo by ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年 8 月 22 日,舉著俄羅斯國旗的人們聚集在莫斯科紅場,慶祝一場幾乎推翻蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的強硬派共產黨領導的政變失敗。 政變由自稱為“緊急狀態委員會”或“八人幫”的成員於 8 月 19 日領導,其中包括蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和克格勃負責人弗拉基米爾·克留奇科夫。 同一天,莫斯科、列寧格勒和其他城市的數千人響應俄羅斯共和國總統葉利欽的號召,對坦克和軍隊設置路障。 8 月 21 日下午,當國防部下令所有部隊從莫斯科撤出時,政變失敗的信號就出現了。 (由 ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/法新社拍攝)(由 ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/法新社通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

Man Cheering Passing Tanks (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
男子向路過的坦克歡呼(David Turnley/Corbis/VCG 來自 Getty Images)

A picture taken on August 23, 1991 shows Russian President Boris Yeltsin (R) gesturing towards Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow while he enjoins him to read a paper during a session of the Russian Parlement. Gorbachev returned to Moscow on August 22, 1991 after the coup had failed. Russia marks on August 19-22, 2011, the 20th anniversary of the abortive 1991 coup against then Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev. Tanks rolled through Moscow towards the Russian White House, where Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Soviet-era Russian republic at the time, gathered his supporters after denouncing the coup from the roof of a tank, which resulted later in the collapse of the Soviet empire. AFP FILES/ PIKO (Photo credit should read PIKO/AFP via Getty Images)
一張攝於 1991 年 8 月 23 日的照片顯示,俄羅斯總統鮑里斯·葉利欽(右)在莫斯科向蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫示意,同時他在俄羅斯議會會議期間命令他閱讀一篇論文。 政變失敗後,戈爾巴喬夫於 1991 年 8 月 22 日返回莫斯科。 俄羅斯於 2011 年 8 月 19 日至 22 日紀念 1991 年針對當時的蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的未遂政變 20 週年。 坦克從莫斯科駛向俄羅斯白宮,當時蘇聯時代的俄羅斯共和國領導人鮑里斯·葉利欽(Boris Yeltsin)在坦克車頂譴責政變後聚集了他的支持者,這導致了後來蘇聯帝國的崩潰 . AFP FILES/PIKO(圖片來源應為 PIKO/AFP via Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- A young woman wrapped in plastic against the rain stands in Red Square, next to a Soviet tank decorated with flowers. Citizens helped barricade the buildings of the Russian Federation against attack by the Communists, and a few days later most of the Army defected to the Federation side, led by Boris Yeltsin. (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991年8月——一位用塑料包裹的年輕女子頂著雨站在紅場,旁邊是一輛裝飾著鮮花的蘇聯坦克。 公民幫助俄羅斯聯邦的建築物設置路障以抵禦共產黨人的攻擊,幾天后,大部分軍隊在鮑里斯·葉利欽的領導下叛逃到聯邦一方。 (大衛·特恩利/Corbis/VCG 通過蓋蒂圖片拍攝)

1991-Coup Attempt (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991 年政變企圖(由 Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- Crowd Sitting on a Soviet Tank (Photo by © Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月——坐在蘇聯坦克上的民主人士(攝影:© Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis via Getty Images)

Civilian Standing on Top of a Soviet Tank (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
站在蘇聯坦克頂部的平民(攝影:David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
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