【系列歷史照片】1991,蘇聯的最後一年 —— 蓋蒂圖像檔案庫的珍貴史料
按:窩小人家在研究蘇聯解體相關的史料時,偶然發現了蓋蒂圖像(Getty Images)檔案庫有一批獨特而珍貴的照片史料,在此分享給大家。我是通過「蘇聯」(Soviet Union)和「1991年」(1991)這兩個標籤找到這些照片的。為了方便還沒學外語的品蔥志士,每張照片的註解我簡單機翻了一下。
【八一九事變系列】

Demonstrators gather on the steps of the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,示威者聚集在俄羅斯白宮的台階上。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

Tanks and city buses form a roadblock outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
在 1991 年的政變期間,坦克和城市巴士在俄羅斯白宮外形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

A demonstrator stands on a barricade outside the Kremlin during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The Ukraina Hotel is visible in the distance. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,一名示威者站在克里姆林宮外的路障上。 遠處可以看到烏克蘭飯店。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Civilians and military personnel hold a demonstration outside the Kremlin where tanks have formed a roadblock during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——平民和軍事人員在克里姆林宮外舉行示威,在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克在那裡形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Civilians and military personnel hold a demonstration outside the Kremlin where tanks have formed a roadblock during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——平民和軍事人員在克里姆林宮外舉行示威,在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克在那裡形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- A man holds up an icon of Christ during a demonstration outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,一名男子在俄羅斯白宮外的示威活動中舉起基督的聖像。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- Demonstrators display a giant Russian flag in Red Square after the failed 1991 coup. On August 18 of 1991, Soviet hardliners attempted to overthrow leaders Mikhail Gorbachev and President Boris Yeltsin, yet the coup failed just days later with the help of massive public anti-coup demonstrations. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年政變失敗後,示威者在紅場展示一面巨大的俄羅斯國旗。 1991 年 8 月 18 日,蘇聯強硬派試圖推翻領導人米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫和鮑里斯·葉利欽總統,但幾天后,在大規模的公眾反政變示威活動的幫助下,政變失敗了。 (由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- Demonstrators display a giant Russian flag in Red Square after the failed 1991 coup. On August 18 of 1991, Soviet hardliners attempted to overthrow leaders Mikhail Gorbachev and President Boris Yeltsin, yet the coup failed just days later with the help of massive public anti-coup demonstrations. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年政變失敗後,示威者在紅場展示一面巨大的俄羅斯國旗。 1991 年 8 月 18 日,蘇聯強硬派試圖推翻領導人米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫和鮑里斯·葉利欽總統,但幾天后,在大規模的公眾反政變示威活動的幫助下,政變失敗了。 (由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

September 02, 1991 -- A soldier stands guard next to demonstrators holding up signs during a protest in Moscow following the Soviet Coup attempt and before the Collapse of the Soviet Union. (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991 年 9 月 2 日——在蘇聯未遂政變後和蘇聯解體前,莫斯科舉行的抗議活動中,一名士兵站在舉著標語的示威者旁邊。 (Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

Russian men link arms to block the entrance of a building in Moscow during the Soviet coup attempt. (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
蘇聯未遂政變期間,俄羅斯男子手挽手封鎖莫斯科一座建築物的入口。 (大衛·特恩利/Corbis/VCG 通過蓋蒂圖片拍攝)

August 20, 1991 -- Soviet military leader Alexander Lebed arrives with his troops to occupy Moscow during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——在 1991 年的政變企圖中,蘇聯軍事領導人亞歷山大·列貝德率領軍隊抵達莫斯科。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Tanks and city buses form a roadblock outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克和城市公共汽車在俄羅斯白宮外形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

Russians Resisting a Soviet Coup Attempt (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
俄羅斯人抵抗蘇維埃軍官的政變企圖(David Turnley/Corbis/VCG 來自 Getty Images)

A man places flowers under the photograph of a victim of the failed Coup of August 1991, an attempt to overthrow Mikhail Gorbachev. (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
一名男子在 1991 年 8 月政變失敗的受害者照片下放置鮮花,企圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫。 (Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

August 19, 1991 -- A picture taken on August 19, 1991 shows Soviet Army tanks parked near Spassky gate (L), an entrance to the Kremlin and Basil's Cathedral (C) in Moscow's Red Square after a coup toppled Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. Russia marks on August 19-22, 2011, the 20th anniversary of the abortive 1991 coup against then Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev. Tanks rolled through Moscow towards the Russian White House, where Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Soviet-era Russian republic at the time, gathered his supporters after denouncing the coup from the roof of a tank, which resulted later in the collapse of the Soviet empire. AFP PHOTO / DIMA TANIN (Photo credit should read DIMA TANIN/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 19 日 - 1991 年 8 月 19 日拍攝的照片顯示,在政變推翻蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫後,蘇聯軍隊坦克停在斯帕斯基門 (L) 附近,這是莫斯科紅場克里姆林宮和巴西爾大教堂 (C) 的入口。 俄羅斯於 2011 年 8 月 19 日至 22 日紀念 1991 年針對當時的蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的未遂政變 20 週年。 坦克從莫斯科駛向俄羅斯白宮,當時蘇聯時代的俄羅斯共和國領導人鮑里斯·葉利欽(Boris Yeltsin)在坦克車頂譴責政變後聚集了他的支持者,這導致了後來蘇聯帝國的崩潰 . 法新社照片/DIMA TANIN(圖片來源應為 DIMA TANIN/AFP via Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- People holding a Russian flag gather on August 22, 1991 on Red Square in Moscow as they celebrate the failure of a hardline communist-led coup which nearly toppled Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. The coup was headed 19 August by the members of the self-styled "committee for the state of emergency" or the "gang of eight", including Soviet Vice President Gennady Yanayev and KGB chief Vladimir Kryuchkov. The same day, thousands in Moscow, Leningrad and other cities answered Russian Republic President Boris Yeltsin's call to raise barricades against tanks and troops. The collapse of the coup was signaled in the afternoon 21 August when the defence ministry ordered all troops to withdraw from Moscow. (Photo by ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV / AFP) (Photo by ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年 8 月 22 日,舉著俄羅斯國旗的人們聚集在莫斯科紅場,慶祝一場幾乎推翻蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的強硬派共產黨領導的政變失敗。 政變由自稱為“緊急狀態委員會”或“八人幫”的成員於 8 月 19 日領導,其中包括蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和克格勃負責人弗拉基米爾·克留奇科夫。 同一天,莫斯科、列寧格勒和其他城市的數千人響應俄羅斯共和國總統葉利欽的號召,對坦克和軍隊設置路障。 8 月 21 日下午,當國防部下令所有部隊從莫斯科撤出時,政變失敗的信號就出現了。 (由 ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/法新社拍攝)(由 ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/法新社通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

Man Cheering Passing Tanks (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
男子向路過的坦克歡呼(David Turnley/Corbis/VCG 來自 Getty Images)

A picture taken on August 23, 1991 shows Russian President Boris Yeltsin (R) gesturing towards Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow while he enjoins him to read a paper during a session of the Russian Parlement. Gorbachev returned to Moscow on August 22, 1991 after the coup had failed. Russia marks on August 19-22, 2011, the 20th anniversary of the abortive 1991 coup against then Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev. Tanks rolled through Moscow towards the Russian White House, where Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Soviet-era Russian republic at the time, gathered his supporters after denouncing the coup from the roof of a tank, which resulted later in the collapse of the Soviet empire. AFP FILES/ PIKO (Photo credit should read PIKO/AFP via Getty Images)
一張攝於 1991 年 8 月 23 日的照片顯示,俄羅斯總統鮑里斯·葉利欽(右)在莫斯科向蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫示意,同時他在俄羅斯議會會議期間命令他閱讀一篇論文。 政變失敗後,戈爾巴喬夫於 1991 年 8 月 22 日返回莫斯科。 俄羅斯於 2011 年 8 月 19 日至 22 日紀念 1991 年針對當時的蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的未遂政變 20 週年。 坦克從莫斯科駛向俄羅斯白宮,當時蘇聯時代的俄羅斯共和國領導人鮑里斯·葉利欽(Boris Yeltsin)在坦克車頂譴責政變後聚集了他的支持者,這導致了後來蘇聯帝國的崩潰 . AFP FILES/PIKO(圖片來源應為 PIKO/AFP via Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- A young woman wrapped in plastic against the rain stands in Red Square, next to a Soviet tank decorated with flowers. Citizens helped barricade the buildings of the Russian Federation against attack by the Communists, and a few days later most of the Army defected to the Federation side, led by Boris Yeltsin. (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991年8月——一位用塑料包裹的年輕女子頂著雨站在紅場,旁邊是一輛裝飾著鮮花的蘇聯坦克。 公民幫助俄羅斯聯邦的建築物設置路障以抵禦共產黨人的攻擊,幾天后,大部分軍隊在鮑里斯·葉利欽的領導下叛逃到聯邦一方。 (大衛·特恩利/Corbis/VCG 通過蓋蒂圖片拍攝)

1991-Coup Attempt (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991 年政變企圖(由 Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- Crowd Sitting on a Soviet Tank (Photo by © Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月——坐在蘇聯坦克上的民主人士(攝影:© Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis via Getty Images)

Civilian Standing on Top of a Soviet Tank (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
站在蘇聯坦克頂部的平民(攝影:David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
[由於文章有字數限制,更多的圖片我分成了三個回帖,貼在評論中:]
【八一九事變系列】

Demonstrators gather on the steps of the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,示威者聚集在俄羅斯白宮的台階上。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

Tanks and city buses form a roadblock outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
在 1991 年的政變期間,坦克和城市巴士在俄羅斯白宮外形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

A demonstrator stands on a barricade outside the Kremlin during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The Ukraina Hotel is visible in the distance. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,一名示威者站在克里姆林宮外的路障上。 遠處可以看到烏克蘭飯店。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Civilians and military personnel hold a demonstration outside the Kremlin where tanks have formed a roadblock during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——平民和軍事人員在克里姆林宮外舉行示威,在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克在那裡形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Civilians and military personnel hold a demonstration outside the Kremlin where tanks have formed a roadblock during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——平民和軍事人員在克里姆林宮外舉行示威,在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克在那裡形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- A man holds up an icon of Christ during a demonstration outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt in Moscow. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——1991 年莫斯科未遂政變期間,一名男子在俄羅斯白宮外的示威活動中舉起基督的聖像。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- Demonstrators display a giant Russian flag in Red Square after the failed 1991 coup. On August 18 of 1991, Soviet hardliners attempted to overthrow leaders Mikhail Gorbachev and President Boris Yeltsin, yet the coup failed just days later with the help of massive public anti-coup demonstrations. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年政變失敗後,示威者在紅場展示一面巨大的俄羅斯國旗。 1991 年 8 月 18 日,蘇聯強硬派試圖推翻領導人米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫和鮑里斯·葉利欽總統,但幾天后,在大規模的公眾反政變示威活動的幫助下,政變失敗了。 (由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- Demonstrators display a giant Russian flag in Red Square after the failed 1991 coup. On August 18 of 1991, Soviet hardliners attempted to overthrow leaders Mikhail Gorbachev and President Boris Yeltsin, yet the coup failed just days later with the help of massive public anti-coup demonstrations. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年政變失敗後,示威者在紅場展示一面巨大的俄羅斯國旗。 1991 年 8 月 18 日,蘇聯強硬派試圖推翻領導人米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫和鮑里斯·葉利欽總統,但幾天后,在大規模的公眾反政變示威活動的幫助下,政變失敗了。 (由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

September 02, 1991 -- A soldier stands guard next to demonstrators holding up signs during a protest in Moscow following the Soviet Coup attempt and before the Collapse of the Soviet Union. (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991 年 9 月 2 日——在蘇聯未遂政變後和蘇聯解體前,莫斯科舉行的抗議活動中,一名士兵站在舉著標語的示威者旁邊。 (Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

Russian men link arms to block the entrance of a building in Moscow during the Soviet coup attempt. (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
蘇聯未遂政變期間,俄羅斯男子手挽手封鎖莫斯科一座建築物的入口。 (大衛·特恩利/Corbis/VCG 通過蓋蒂圖片拍攝)

August 20, 1991 -- Soviet military leader Alexander Lebed arrives with his troops to occupy Moscow during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——在 1991 年的政變企圖中,蘇聯軍事領導人亞歷山大·列貝德率領軍隊抵達莫斯科。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

August 20, 1991 -- Tanks and city buses form a roadblock outside the Russian White House during a 1991 coup attempt. The State Committee for the State of Emergency, a group led by USSR Vice President Gennady Yanayev and other officials, attempts to overthrow President Mikhail Gorbachev and the Soviet government in August, 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 20 日——在 1991 年的政變企圖期間,坦克和城市公共汽車在俄羅斯白宮外形成了路障。 1991 年 8 月,由蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和其他官員領導的國家緊急狀態委員會試圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫總統和蘇聯政府。(圖片來自 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

Russians Resisting a Soviet Coup Attempt (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
俄羅斯人抵抗蘇維埃軍官的政變企圖(David Turnley/Corbis/VCG 來自 Getty Images)

A man places flowers under the photograph of a victim of the failed Coup of August 1991, an attempt to overthrow Mikhail Gorbachev. (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
一名男子在 1991 年 8 月政變失敗的受害者照片下放置鮮花,企圖推翻米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫。 (Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

August 19, 1991 -- A picture taken on August 19, 1991 shows Soviet Army tanks parked near Spassky gate (L), an entrance to the Kremlin and Basil's Cathedral (C) in Moscow's Red Square after a coup toppled Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. Russia marks on August 19-22, 2011, the 20th anniversary of the abortive 1991 coup against then Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev. Tanks rolled through Moscow towards the Russian White House, where Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Soviet-era Russian republic at the time, gathered his supporters after denouncing the coup from the roof of a tank, which resulted later in the collapse of the Soviet empire. AFP PHOTO / DIMA TANIN (Photo credit should read DIMA TANIN/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 19 日 - 1991 年 8 月 19 日拍攝的照片顯示,在政變推翻蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫後,蘇聯軍隊坦克停在斯帕斯基門 (L) 附近,這是莫斯科紅場克里姆林宮和巴西爾大教堂 (C) 的入口。 俄羅斯於 2011 年 8 月 19 日至 22 日紀念 1991 年針對當時的蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的未遂政變 20 週年。 坦克從莫斯科駛向俄羅斯白宮,當時蘇聯時代的俄羅斯共和國領導人鮑里斯·葉利欽(Boris Yeltsin)在坦克車頂譴責政變後聚集了他的支持者,這導致了後來蘇聯帝國的崩潰 . 法新社照片/DIMA TANIN(圖片來源應為 DIMA TANIN/AFP via Getty Images)

August 22, 1991 -- People holding a Russian flag gather on August 22, 1991 on Red Square in Moscow as they celebrate the failure of a hardline communist-led coup which nearly toppled Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. The coup was headed 19 August by the members of the self-styled "committee for the state of emergency" or the "gang of eight", including Soviet Vice President Gennady Yanayev and KGB chief Vladimir Kryuchkov. The same day, thousands in Moscow, Leningrad and other cities answered Russian Republic President Boris Yeltsin's call to raise barricades against tanks and troops. The collapse of the coup was signaled in the afternoon 21 August when the defence ministry ordered all troops to withdraw from Moscow. (Photo by ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV / AFP) (Photo by ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 22 日——1991 年 8 月 22 日,舉著俄羅斯國旗的人們聚集在莫斯科紅場,慶祝一場幾乎推翻蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的強硬派共產黨領導的政變失敗。 政變由自稱為“緊急狀態委員會”或“八人幫”的成員於 8 月 19 日領導,其中包括蘇聯副總統根納季·亞納耶夫和克格勃負責人弗拉基米爾·克留奇科夫。 同一天,莫斯科、列寧格勒和其他城市的數千人響應俄羅斯共和國總統葉利欽的號召,對坦克和軍隊設置路障。 8 月 21 日下午,當國防部下令所有部隊從莫斯科撤出時,政變失敗的信號就出現了。 (由 ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/法新社拍攝)(由 ANATOLY SAPRONENKOV/法新社通過 Getty Images 拍攝)

Man Cheering Passing Tanks (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
男子向路過的坦克歡呼(David Turnley/Corbis/VCG 來自 Getty Images)

A picture taken on August 23, 1991 shows Russian President Boris Yeltsin (R) gesturing towards Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow while he enjoins him to read a paper during a session of the Russian Parlement. Gorbachev returned to Moscow on August 22, 1991 after the coup had failed. Russia marks on August 19-22, 2011, the 20th anniversary of the abortive 1991 coup against then Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev. Tanks rolled through Moscow towards the Russian White House, where Boris Yeltsin, leader of the Soviet-era Russian republic at the time, gathered his supporters after denouncing the coup from the roof of a tank, which resulted later in the collapse of the Soviet empire. AFP FILES/ PIKO (Photo credit should read PIKO/AFP via Getty Images)
一張攝於 1991 年 8 月 23 日的照片顯示,俄羅斯總統鮑里斯·葉利欽(右)在莫斯科向蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫示意,同時他在俄羅斯議會會議期間命令他閱讀一篇論文。 政變失敗後,戈爾巴喬夫於 1991 年 8 月 22 日返回莫斯科。 俄羅斯於 2011 年 8 月 19 日至 22 日紀念 1991 年針對當時的蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫的未遂政變 20 週年。 坦克從莫斯科駛向俄羅斯白宮,當時蘇聯時代的俄羅斯共和國領導人鮑里斯·葉利欽(Boris Yeltsin)在坦克車頂譴責政變後聚集了他的支持者,這導致了後來蘇聯帝國的崩潰 . AFP FILES/PIKO(圖片來源應為 PIKO/AFP via Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- A young woman wrapped in plastic against the rain stands in Red Square, next to a Soviet tank decorated with flowers. Citizens helped barricade the buildings of the Russian Federation against attack by the Communists, and a few days later most of the Army defected to the Federation side, led by Boris Yeltsin. (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991年8月——一位用塑料包裹的年輕女子頂著雨站在紅場,旁邊是一輛裝飾著鮮花的蘇聯坦克。 公民幫助俄羅斯聯邦的建築物設置路障以抵禦共產黨人的攻擊,幾天后,大部分軍隊在鮑里斯·葉利欽的領導下叛逃到聯邦一方。 (大衛·特恩利/Corbis/VCG 通過蓋蒂圖片拍攝)

1991-Coup Attempt (Photo by Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991 年政變企圖(由 Peter Turnley/Corbis/VCG 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- Crowd Sitting on a Soviet Tank (Photo by © Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis via Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月——坐在蘇聯坦克上的民主人士(攝影:© Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis via Getty Images)

Civilian Standing on Top of a Soviet Tank (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
站在蘇聯坦克頂部的平民(攝影:David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
[由於文章有字數限制,更多的圖片我分成了三個回帖,貼在評論中:]
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【波羅的海三國獨立抗爭系列】

January 13, 1991 -- Vilnius residents gather in front of the Lithuanian parliament and demonstrate next to Soviet army soldiers on January 13, 1991 in Vilnius, following the takeover of the Radio and Television installations by Soviet troops. Soviet Red army opened fire on unarmed civilians during the assault, killing 13 people and injuring 145 others. Lithuania declared unilaterally its independence from Soviet Union 11 March 1990. (Photo by STF / AFP) (Photo by STF/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 13 日 - 1991 年 1 月 13 日,維爾紐斯居民聚集在立陶宛議會前,在蘇聯軍隊士兵旁邊示威,當時蘇聯軍隊接管了廣播和電視設施。 蘇聯紅軍在襲擊中向手無寸鐵的平民開火,造成 13 人死亡,145 人受傷。 立陶宛於 1990 年 3 月 11 日單方面宣布脫離蘇聯獨立。(STF / AFP 拍攝)(STF/AFP 拍攝,Getty Images)

January 13, 1991 -- A picture taken on January 13, 1991 in Moscow shows Soviet militiamen arresting a man during a demonstration against the Soviet army crackdown in Lithuania, where at least 13 people were killed and 145 injured when troops took control of the radio and television installations in Vilnius. AFP PHOTO VITALY ARMAND (Photo by VITALY ARMAND / AFP) (Photo credit should read VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 13 日——1991 年 1 月 13 日在莫斯科拍攝的照片顯示,在立陶宛舉行的反對蘇軍鎮壓的示威活動中,蘇聯民兵逮捕了一名男子,當軍隊控制無線電和維爾紐斯的電視台時,至少有 13 人喪生,145 人受傷。 AFP PHOTO VITALY ARMAND(VITALY ARMAND / AFP 攝)(照片來源應為 VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)

April, 1991 -- Women walk down the main street of the Red Army military base in Gaiziunai, Lithuania, while the "Blue Berets" are training. The Blue Berets are the airborne troops division of the Soviet Red Army. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991年4月——婦女們走在立陶宛蓋子奈紅軍軍事基地的主要街道上,而“藍色貝雷帽”正在訓練。 藍色貝雷帽是蘇聯紅軍的空降師。 (由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

1991 -- A brother and sister stand outside their home in Vilnius, Lithuania, shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union. (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991年——蘇聯解體後不久,立陶宛維爾紐斯市一處民宅的一對兄妹。(大衛·特恩利/Corbis/VCG 通過蓋蒂圖片拍攝)

People demonstrate in Moscow on January 13, 1991 protesting against the Soviet army crackdown against the nationalist Lithuanian authorities. Demonstrators are seen passing by the KGB building (aka Lubyanka) with the monument of Soviet Committee for State Security (KGB) founder Felix Dzerzhinsky. Lithuania had been the first Baltic Republic to proclame its independence in March 1990. USSR finally recognized the secession of Lithuania in September 1991. AFP PHOTO VITALY ARMAND (Photo credit should read VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 13 日,人們在莫斯科示威,抗議蘇聯軍隊鎮壓立陶宛民族主義政權。照片中可見示威者經過克格勃大樓(又名盧比揚卡)和蘇聯國家安全委員會(克格勃)創始人費利克斯·捷爾任斯基的紀念碑。立陶宛是第一個於 1990 年 3 月宣布獨立的波羅的海共和國。蘇聯最終於 1991 年 9 月承認立陶宛的分離。法新社照片 VITALY ARMAND(圖片來源應為 VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)

Soviet paratroopers occupy the press printing house as Lithuanian demonstrate on January 11, 1991 in Vilnius as Soviet army continues its takeover on Lithuanian official buildings to re-establish Soviet power in the Republic. Lithuania declared unilaterally its independence from Soviet Union 11 March 1990. (Photo by ANDRE DURAND / AFP) (Photo by ANDRE DURAND/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 11 日,立陶宛人在維爾紐斯示威時,蘇聯傘兵佔領了印刷廠,蘇聯軍隊繼續佔領立陶宛的官方建築,以在該加盟共和國重建蘇維埃政權。 立陶宛於 1990 年 3 月 11 日單方面宣布脫離蘇聯獨立。(ANDRE DURAND/法新社攝)(ANDRE DURAND/法新社通過蓋蒂圖片社拍攝)

About 100 000 demonstrators march on the Kremlin in Moscow on January 20, 1991. Many called for the resignation of Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev protesting against the Soviet army crackdown against the nationalist Lithuanian authorities. Lithuania had been the first Baltic Republic to proclame its independence in March 1990. USSR finally recognized the secession of Lithuania in September 1991. AFP PHOTO VITALY ARMAND (Photo credit should read VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 20 日,大約 10 萬示威者在莫斯科的克里姆林宮遊行。許多人呼籲蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫下台,抗議蘇聯軍隊鎮壓民族主義立陶宛政權。 立陶宛是第一個於 1990 年 3 月宣布獨立的波羅的海共和國。蘇聯最終於 1991 年 9 月承認立陶宛的分離。法新社照片 VITALY ARMAND(圖片來源應為 VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)

Picture taken on January 19, 1991 at Vilnius showing Lithuanian soldiers and civilians on the street near the Parliament covered by messages during the Soviet Army assault. (Photo by - / AFP) (Photo by -/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 19 日在維爾紐斯拍攝的照片顯示,在蘇聯軍隊襲擊期間,立陶宛士兵和平民在議會附近的街道上貼滿了抗爭訊息。 (照片由 - / AFP 拍攝)(照片由 -/AFP 通過 Getty Images 拍攝)
【格魯吉亞民主抗爭系列】

Manifestation de l'opposition à Tbilissi après la déclaration d'indépendance vis-à-vis de l'Union soviétique le 15 septembre 1991. (Photo by Antonio RIBEIRO DE SOUZA/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images)
1991 年 9 月 15 日宣布脫離蘇聯獨立後,第比利斯的反對派示威遊行。(Antonio RIBEIRO DE SOUZA/Gamma-Rapho 來自 Getty Images)

December 29, 1991 -- Armed forces gather in the streets of Tbilisi during civil war in the former Soviet republic of Georgia. Fighting broke out in Tbilisi after government troops forcibly dispersed demonstrators who opposed the hard-line leadership of President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the first president of a former USSR republic elected through the popular vote. (Photo by © Patrick Robert/Sygma/CORBIS/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991年12月29日——前蘇聯格魯吉亞共和國內戰期間,武裝部隊聚集在第比利斯街頭。 在政府軍強行驅散反對總統茲維亞德·加姆薩赫爾迪亞(Zviad Gamsakhurdia)強硬領導人的示威者後,第比利斯爆發了戰鬥。 (攝影:© Patrick Robert/Sygma/CORBIS/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

April 09, 1991 -- People celebrate in the streets of Tbilisi on April 9, 1991 after the Republic declared its independence from the Soviet Union. (Photo by Andrei GORELOWSKY / AFP) (Photo by ANDREI GORELOWSKY/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 4 月 9 日——1991 年 4 月 9 日,共和國宣布脫離蘇聯獨立後,人們在第比利斯街頭慶祝。 (攝影:Andrei GORELOWSKY / AFP)(攝影:ANDREI GORELOWSKY/AFP via Getty Images)
【烏克蘭獨立抗爭系列】

July 30, 1991 -- President George Bush and his wife, Barbara, exit Air Force One upon their arrival in Moscow, USSR, for the 1991 Moscow Summit. (Photo by © Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis via Getty Images)
1991 年 7 月 30 日——喬治·布殊總統和他的妻子芭芭拉在抵達蘇聯莫斯科後走下空軍一號,參加 1991 年莫斯科峰會。 (攝影:© Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis,來自 Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- Moscow summit repub-hopping Pres. Bush's limo heading motorcade on route lined w. few police & knots of wavers, arriving in Kiev, Ukraine, USSR. (Photo by Dirck Halstead/Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月——莫斯科峰會期間,布殊總統訪問烏克蘭。布殊的加長轎車駛向蘇聯烏克蘭的基輔。路旁可見警察和歡迎的群眾。 (攝影:Dirck Halstead/Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- Ukrainian ldr. Leonid Kravchuk (R) shaking hands w. summit repub-hopping Pres. Bush during airport arrival fete. (Photo by Dirck Halstead/Getty Images)
1991年8月——烏克蘭最高蘇維埃主席列昂尼德·克拉夫丘克(右)在機場的歡迎儀式上與布殊總統(左)握手。 (攝影:Dirck Halstead/Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- Moscow summit repub-hopping Pres. Bush & Ukrainian ldr. Leonid Kravchuk (R) during airport arrival fete speeches in Kiev, Ukraine, USSR. (Photo by Diana Walker/Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月——莫斯科峰會期間,總統喬治·布殊(左)和烏克蘭最高蘇維埃主席列昂尼德·克拉夫丘克(右)在基輔機場的歡迎儀式上發表講話。 (戴安娜·沃克/蓋蒂圖片社拍攝)

August, 1991 -- Bouquet-bearing native costumed Ukrainian lasses in fore of crowd at airport to greet arriving Moscow summit republic-hopping Pres. Bush. (Photo by Diana Walker/Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 - 莫斯科峰會期間,手持花束、身著烏克蘭傳統服裝的烏克蘭少女,在機場人群最前,歡迎剛剛抵達的總統布殊 (戴安娜·沃克/蓋蒂圖片社拍攝)

September 03, 1991 -- Following Ukrainian independence, a crowd holds a demonstration outside Soviet headquarters in Kiev. Ukraine was controlled by the Soviet Union from 1920 until the USSR dissolved in 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
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1991 年 9 月 3 日——烏克蘭獨立後,一群人在基輔的蘇聯總部外舉行示威。 烏克蘭從 1920 年起由蘇聯控制,直到 1991 年蘇聯解體。(照片由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

January 13, 1991 -- Vilnius residents gather in front of the Lithuanian parliament and demonstrate next to Soviet army soldiers on January 13, 1991 in Vilnius, following the takeover of the Radio and Television installations by Soviet troops. Soviet Red army opened fire on unarmed civilians during the assault, killing 13 people and injuring 145 others. Lithuania declared unilaterally its independence from Soviet Union 11 March 1990. (Photo by STF / AFP) (Photo by STF/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 13 日 - 1991 年 1 月 13 日,維爾紐斯居民聚集在立陶宛議會前,在蘇聯軍隊士兵旁邊示威,當時蘇聯軍隊接管了廣播和電視設施。 蘇聯紅軍在襲擊中向手無寸鐵的平民開火,造成 13 人死亡,145 人受傷。 立陶宛於 1990 年 3 月 11 日單方面宣布脫離蘇聯獨立。(STF / AFP 拍攝)(STF/AFP 拍攝,Getty Images)

January 13, 1991 -- A picture taken on January 13, 1991 in Moscow shows Soviet militiamen arresting a man during a demonstration against the Soviet army crackdown in Lithuania, where at least 13 people were killed and 145 injured when troops took control of the radio and television installations in Vilnius. AFP PHOTO VITALY ARMAND (Photo by VITALY ARMAND / AFP) (Photo credit should read VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 13 日——1991 年 1 月 13 日在莫斯科拍攝的照片顯示,在立陶宛舉行的反對蘇軍鎮壓的示威活動中,蘇聯民兵逮捕了一名男子,當軍隊控制無線電和維爾紐斯的電視台時,至少有 13 人喪生,145 人受傷。 AFP PHOTO VITALY ARMAND(VITALY ARMAND / AFP 攝)(照片來源應為 VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)

April, 1991 -- Women walk down the main street of the Red Army military base in Gaiziunai, Lithuania, while the "Blue Berets" are training. The Blue Berets are the airborne troops division of the Soviet Red Army. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991年4月——婦女們走在立陶宛蓋子奈紅軍軍事基地的主要街道上,而“藍色貝雷帽”正在訓練。 藍色貝雷帽是蘇聯紅軍的空降師。 (由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)

1991 -- A brother and sister stand outside their home in Vilnius, Lithuania, shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union. (Photo by David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images)
1991年——蘇聯解體後不久,立陶宛維爾紐斯市一處民宅的一對兄妹。(大衛·特恩利/Corbis/VCG 通過蓋蒂圖片拍攝)

People demonstrate in Moscow on January 13, 1991 protesting against the Soviet army crackdown against the nationalist Lithuanian authorities. Demonstrators are seen passing by the KGB building (aka Lubyanka) with the monument of Soviet Committee for State Security (KGB) founder Felix Dzerzhinsky. Lithuania had been the first Baltic Republic to proclame its independence in March 1990. USSR finally recognized the secession of Lithuania in September 1991. AFP PHOTO VITALY ARMAND (Photo credit should read VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 13 日,人們在莫斯科示威,抗議蘇聯軍隊鎮壓立陶宛民族主義政權。照片中可見示威者經過克格勃大樓(又名盧比揚卡)和蘇聯國家安全委員會(克格勃)創始人費利克斯·捷爾任斯基的紀念碑。立陶宛是第一個於 1990 年 3 月宣布獨立的波羅的海共和國。蘇聯最終於 1991 年 9 月承認立陶宛的分離。法新社照片 VITALY ARMAND(圖片來源應為 VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)

Soviet paratroopers occupy the press printing house as Lithuanian demonstrate on January 11, 1991 in Vilnius as Soviet army continues its takeover on Lithuanian official buildings to re-establish Soviet power in the Republic. Lithuania declared unilaterally its independence from Soviet Union 11 March 1990. (Photo by ANDRE DURAND / AFP) (Photo by ANDRE DURAND/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 11 日,立陶宛人在維爾紐斯示威時,蘇聯傘兵佔領了印刷廠,蘇聯軍隊繼續佔領立陶宛的官方建築,以在該加盟共和國重建蘇維埃政權。 立陶宛於 1990 年 3 月 11 日單方面宣布脫離蘇聯獨立。(ANDRE DURAND/法新社攝)(ANDRE DURAND/法新社通過蓋蒂圖片社拍攝)

About 100 000 demonstrators march on the Kremlin in Moscow on January 20, 1991. Many called for the resignation of Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev protesting against the Soviet army crackdown against the nationalist Lithuanian authorities. Lithuania had been the first Baltic Republic to proclame its independence in March 1990. USSR finally recognized the secession of Lithuania in September 1991. AFP PHOTO VITALY ARMAND (Photo credit should read VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 20 日,大約 10 萬示威者在莫斯科的克里姆林宮遊行。許多人呼籲蘇聯總統米哈伊爾·戈爾巴喬夫下台,抗議蘇聯軍隊鎮壓民族主義立陶宛政權。 立陶宛是第一個於 1990 年 3 月宣布獨立的波羅的海共和國。蘇聯最終於 1991 年 9 月承認立陶宛的分離。法新社照片 VITALY ARMAND(圖片來源應為 VITALY ARMAND/AFP via Getty Images)

Picture taken on January 19, 1991 at Vilnius showing Lithuanian soldiers and civilians on the street near the Parliament covered by messages during the Soviet Army assault. (Photo by - / AFP) (Photo by -/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 1 月 19 日在維爾紐斯拍攝的照片顯示,在蘇聯軍隊襲擊期間,立陶宛士兵和平民在議會附近的街道上貼滿了抗爭訊息。 (照片由 - / AFP 拍攝)(照片由 -/AFP 通過 Getty Images 拍攝)
【格魯吉亞民主抗爭系列】

Manifestation de l'opposition à Tbilissi après la déclaration d'indépendance vis-à-vis de l'Union soviétique le 15 septembre 1991. (Photo by Antonio RIBEIRO DE SOUZA/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images)
1991 年 9 月 15 日宣布脫離蘇聯獨立後,第比利斯的反對派示威遊行。(Antonio RIBEIRO DE SOUZA/Gamma-Rapho 來自 Getty Images)

December 29, 1991 -- Armed forces gather in the streets of Tbilisi during civil war in the former Soviet republic of Georgia. Fighting broke out in Tbilisi after government troops forcibly dispersed demonstrators who opposed the hard-line leadership of President Zviad Gamsakhurdia, the first president of a former USSR republic elected through the popular vote. (Photo by © Patrick Robert/Sygma/CORBIS/Sygma via Getty Images)
1991年12月29日——前蘇聯格魯吉亞共和國內戰期間,武裝部隊聚集在第比利斯街頭。 在政府軍強行驅散反對總統茲維亞德·加姆薩赫爾迪亞(Zviad Gamsakhurdia)強硬領導人的示威者後,第比利斯爆發了戰鬥。 (攝影:© Patrick Robert/Sygma/CORBIS/Sygma,來自 Getty Images)

April 09, 1991 -- People celebrate in the streets of Tbilisi on April 9, 1991 after the Republic declared its independence from the Soviet Union. (Photo by Andrei GORELOWSKY / AFP) (Photo by ANDREI GORELOWSKY/AFP via Getty Images)
1991 年 4 月 9 日——1991 年 4 月 9 日,共和國宣布脫離蘇聯獨立後,人們在第比利斯街頭慶祝。 (攝影:Andrei GORELOWSKY / AFP)(攝影:ANDREI GORELOWSKY/AFP via Getty Images)
【烏克蘭獨立抗爭系列】

July 30, 1991 -- President George Bush and his wife, Barbara, exit Air Force One upon their arrival in Moscow, USSR, for the 1991 Moscow Summit. (Photo by © Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis via Getty Images)
1991 年 7 月 30 日——喬治·布殊總統和他的妻子芭芭拉在抵達蘇聯莫斯科後走下空軍一號,參加 1991 年莫斯科峰會。 (攝影:© Shepard Sherbell/CORBIS SABA/Corbis,來自 Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- Moscow summit repub-hopping Pres. Bush's limo heading motorcade on route lined w. few police & knots of wavers, arriving in Kiev, Ukraine, USSR. (Photo by Dirck Halstead/Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月——莫斯科峰會期間,布殊總統訪問烏克蘭。布殊的加長轎車駛向蘇聯烏克蘭的基輔。路旁可見警察和歡迎的群眾。 (攝影:Dirck Halstead/Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- Ukrainian ldr. Leonid Kravchuk (R) shaking hands w. summit repub-hopping Pres. Bush during airport arrival fete. (Photo by Dirck Halstead/Getty Images)
1991年8月——烏克蘭最高蘇維埃主席列昂尼德·克拉夫丘克(右)在機場的歡迎儀式上與布殊總統(左)握手。 (攝影:Dirck Halstead/Getty Images)

August, 1991 -- Moscow summit repub-hopping Pres. Bush & Ukrainian ldr. Leonid Kravchuk (R) during airport arrival fete speeches in Kiev, Ukraine, USSR. (Photo by Diana Walker/Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月——莫斯科峰會期間,總統喬治·布殊(左)和烏克蘭最高蘇維埃主席列昂尼德·克拉夫丘克(右)在基輔機場的歡迎儀式上發表講話。 (戴安娜·沃克/蓋蒂圖片社拍攝)

August, 1991 -- Bouquet-bearing native costumed Ukrainian lasses in fore of crowd at airport to greet arriving Moscow summit republic-hopping Pres. Bush. (Photo by Diana Walker/Getty Images)
1991 年 8 月 - 莫斯科峰會期間,手持花束、身著烏克蘭傳統服裝的烏克蘭少女,在機場人群最前,歡迎剛剛抵達的總統布殊 (戴安娜·沃克/蓋蒂圖片社拍攝)

September 03, 1991 -- Following Ukrainian independence, a crowd holds a demonstration outside Soviet headquarters in Kiev. Ukraine was controlled by the Soviet Union from 1920 until the USSR dissolved in 1991. (Photo by Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma via Getty Images)
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1991 年 9 月 3 日——烏克蘭獨立後,一群人在基輔的蘇聯總部外舉行示威。 烏克蘭從 1920 年起由蘇聯控制,直到 1991 年蘇聯解體。(照片由 Alain Nogues/Sygma/Sygma 拍攝,來自 Getty Images)